PATTERN OF SODIUM THIOPENTAL-INDUCED SLEEP IN WISTAR RATS IN DOSES OF ARTESUNATE AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF GARCINIA KOLA

Authors

  • E B Ezenwanne Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
  • Abuda O Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

Keywords:

Artesunate, Garcinia kola, Facilitatory influences, Induced sleep, Wistar rat

Abstract

Background: There are several reports of the medicinal applications of Garcinia kola and the efficacy of various other uses of this plant. The fact remains that emphasis is rapidly shifting from synthetic drugs to the use of plant materials for medicinal formulations. This study was undertaken to compare the patterns of thiopental-induced sleep in separately administered doses of Garcinia kola extract and artesunate in Wistar rats. Methods: The onset and duration of the induced sleep were computed in 40 mg/Kg dose of thiopental sodium in Wistar rats, after pretreatments in separate doses of Garcinia kola extract and artesunate. Results: Opposing influences or negative effects on the induced sleep was observed in doses of Garcinia kola extract. A clear facilitating influences or promoting effects on the induced sleep was observed in doses of artesunate. Conclusion: It is believed that the dopaminergic neural mechanism may have accounted for the opposing influences of Garcinia kola on the thiopental-induced sleep observed in this study. The present result was also suggestive that the facilitating influences of artesunate on the induced sleep was mediated through GABA neuronal mechanism in the central processes of sleep production.

Pak J Physiol 2016;12(4):3–6

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Iwu MM, Duncan AR, Okunji CO. New Antimicrobials of plant Origin. In: Janick J (Ed). Perspective on New Crops and New Uses. Alexandria VA: ASHS Press;1999.
2. Udia PM. Owu DU. Ogbonna OJ, Takem LP. Possible mechanism of antispasmodic action of Garcinia kola seed extract on isolated Guinea pig Ileum. Br J Med Med Res 2005;6(7):688–98.
3. Okwu, DE. Phytochemical, vitamins and mineral contents of two Nigerian medicinal plants. Int J Mol Med Adv Sci 2005;1:375–81.
4. Oluyemi Kayode A, Jimoh Olusegun R, Adesanya Olamide A, Omotuyi Idowu O, Josiah Sunday J, Oyesola Tolulope O. Micromorpho¬metric and stereological effects of ethanolic extracts of Garcinia cambogia seeds on the testes and epididymis of adult Wistar rats. Afr J Biotechnol 2007;6(10):1236–8.
5. Iwu MM, Igbok OA, Okunji CO, Tempesta MS. Antidiabetic and aldose reductase activities of biflavanones of Garcinia kola. J Pharm Pharmacol 1990;42:290–2.
6. Braide VD. Pharmacology effects of chronic ingestion of Garcinia kola seeds in the rats. Phytother Res 1991;4:39–41.
7. Okoli UJ. An investigation into the hypoglycemic activity of GB1 Biflavonoids of Garcinia Kola. (B. Pharma Project) Nsukka, Nigeria: University of Nigeria; 1991.
8. Orie NN, Ekon EU. The bronchodilator effects of Garcinia kola. East Afr Med J 1993;70(3):143–5.
9. Tita RK, Odeigah PG, Agomo PU, Bassey E. Some properties of medicinal plants used by the Igbos of Nigeria. In: Wolfgang Kreis (Ed). Triats, Tracts and Traces. Germany:2001;pp. 209–10.
10. Ositelu AO, Adefule AK, Oosa BO, Onyenefa PC. Antifungal activity of Garcinia kola nut extract as an ocular bacterial isolates in Lagos. Nig Qt J Hosp Med 2004;14:112–4.
11. Adaramoye OA, Nwaneri VO, Anyanwu KC, Farombi EO, Emerole GO. Possible anti-atherogenic effect of Kolaviron (a Garcinia kola seed extract) in hypercholesterolaemic rats. Clin Exp Pharm Physiol 2005;32:40–6.
12. Okunji C, Komarnytsky S, Feara G, Poulev A, Ribnicky DM, Awachie PI, et al. Preparative isolation and identification of tyrosinase inhibitors from the seeds of Garcinia kola by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr 2007;A 1151:45–50.
13. Ikpesu TO, Tongo I, Ariyo A. Restorative prospective of powdered seeds extract of Garcinia kola in Chrysichthys furcatus induced with Glyphosate formulation. Chinese J Biol 2014; Article ID 854157. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/archive/2014/854157
14. Tu Y. The discovery of (ginghaosu) and gifts from Chinese medicine. Nature Medicine 2011;17(10):1217–20.
15. Adekunle AS, Falade CO, Agbedana EO, Egbe A. Assessment of side-effects of administration of artemether in humans. Biol Med 2009;1(3):15–9.
16. Kataria S, Mehra L, Badiye A. A study of pharmacokinetics of sodium thiopental in rats by histological examination of kidney. Res J Pharmaceut 2012;1(2):1–6.
17. Hyang-Ae L, Ki-Suk K, Eun-Joo K. General pharmacology of artesunate, a commonly used antimalarial drug: Effects on central nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory system. Toxicol Res 2010;26(3):223–32.
18. Bennetts FE. Thiopentone anaesthesia at Pearl Harbour. URL: http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=longandpmid=7547061. [Retrieved on 25 Aug 2016]
19. Gumuetekin K, Steven B, Karabulnt N, Aktas O, Grade AS, Keles M, et al. Effects of sleep deprivation: Nicotine and selenium on wound healing in rat. Int Neurosci 2004;11:1433–42.
20. Christine Saunders, Jasmine V. Ferrer, Lei Shi, Jiayun Chen, Gerald Merrill, Maria E. Lamb, et al. Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: an internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2000;97(12):6850–5.
21. Espana RA, Scammell TE. Sleep neurobiology for the clinician. Sleep 2004;27:811–82.
22. Siegel JM, Moor R, Thannicka T. A brief history of hypocretin/ Orexin and narcolepsy. Neuropsychopharmarcol 2001;25:14–20.
23. McDonald W. Sleep physiology and sleep disorders. Retrieved from: www.associatedcontent.com/article/66094/sleep physiology and sleep disorder.html [Accessed: 19 Sep 2010]
24. Spiegel JM. The neurotransmitters of sleep. J Clin Psychiat 2005;16:4–7.
25. Gillin JC, Drummond SPA, Stricker JL, Wong EC, Bruxton RB. Brain activity is visibly altered following sleep deprivation. Neuro Report, University of California San Diego Centre, Medical. (July 29, 2002).

Downloads

Published

31-12-2016

How to Cite

1.
Ezenwanne EB, O A. PATTERN OF SODIUM THIOPENTAL-INDUCED SLEEP IN WISTAR RATS IN DOSES OF ARTESUNATE AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF GARCINIA KOLA. Pak J Phsyiol [Internet]. 2016 Dec. 31 [cited 2024 Mar. 28];12(4):3-6. Available from: https://pjp.pps.org.pk/index.php/PJP/article/view/324