PREPARE FOR ANOTHER HOTTER SUMMER THAT MAY IMPACT YOUR HEALTH

Abstract

Globally next few years will be hotter than before. Heat wave is expected in Pakistan also. Heat stress is the leading cause of weather-related deaths and can exacerbate underlying illnesses including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, mental health, asthma. Heat stroke is a medical emergency with a high-case fatality rate. Infants and elderly persons are more prone to temperature changes. Above environmental temperature around 33–35 °C heat stress begins. When the body experiences heat stress and body temperature rises beyond normal, cells release heat shock proteins (HSP) that can trigger inflammatory responses mediated by cytokines. This process contributes to endothelial damage, vasodilation, and widespread cell death, resulting in potential organ damage. When an unacclimatized person is exposed to extreme heat for prolonged time, the person may suffer heat exhaustion or heat stroke. Heat Exhaustion is a heat-related illness caused by excessive sweating, which leads to loss of water and electrolytes and a decreased blood volume. Without replacement of water and electrolytes, this will lead to decreased arterial pressure and feelings of dizziness, muscle cramps, and fainting. Heat exhaustion, if untreated, can lead to heat stroke. WHO and NDMA advised that people should drink water frequently, especially when going outside; avoid heat exposure by limiting outdoor activities between 10 am to 04 pm; use light coloured and loose-fitting clothes; never leave children in parked vehicles.

Pak J Physiol 2026;22(2):71–2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v22i2.1963