PATTERNS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY AND REMODELLING IN PAKISTANI PATIENTS WITH UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION: RELATIONSHIP WITH DURATION OF DISEASE, MEDICATION ADHERENCE, AND SALT INTAKE PROXIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v22i2.1943Keywords:
Concentric hypertrophy, Hypertension, Left ventricular geometry, Medication adherence, Salt intakeAbstract
Background: Left ventricular (LV) geometric remodelling is a common consequence of uncontrolled hypertension and is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Various clinical (duration of hypertension) and behavioural (adherence with medication and salt-intake) factors may influence LV geometry patterns. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of left ventricular geometry and to assess its association with duration of hypertension, medication adherence, and salt intake among patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at Peshawar Institute of Cardiology. A total of 140 patients with uncontrolled hypertension were enrolled through consecutive sampling. Clinical data, duration of hypertension, medication adherence, and salt intake were recorded. Echocardiography was performed to assess left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT), and LV geometry was classified into normal geometry, concentric remodelling, concentric hypertrophy, and eccentric hypertrophy. Data were analysed using SPSS-25. Chi-square test was applied to determine associations, and p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 52.3±10.1 years, with 55.7% males. Concentric hypertrophy was the most prevalent LV geometric pattern (32.9%), followed by normal geometry (24.3%), concentric remodelling (21.4%), and eccentric hypertrophy (21.4%). No statistically significant association was observed between LV geometry and duration of hypertension (p=0.694), medication adherence (p=0.524), or salt intake (p=0.585). Conclusion: Concentric hypertrophy was the predominant LV geometric pattern among patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Duration of hypertension, medication adherence, and salt intake were not significantly associated with LV geometry in this study population.
Pak J Physiol 2026;22(2):90–4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v22i2.1943
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Copyright (c) 2026 Misbah Manzoor, Ali Raza, Atta Ul Wadood, Sajjad ur Rehman
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