FREQUENCY OF AORTIC ROOT DILATATION IN PATIENTS WITH LONG STANDING ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v21i1.1775Keywords:
arterial hypertension, Hypertension, Longstanding, Aortic root, DilatationAbstract
Background: Aortic root dilatation poses a potential risk factor for development of aortic dissection. In people with hypertension, aortic root dilatation is connected to left ventricular hypertrophy, indicating the susceptibility to cardiac damage. Dilatation of ascending aorta is a major risk factor for development of aortic dissection and/or rupture of aorta if not treated surgically. It signifies 50% of all thoracic aneurysms. Objective of this study was to determine the frequency of aortic root dilatation in patients with long standing essential hypertension. Methods: One hundred and three patients with essential hypertension were selected for the study. The size of aortic root was measured by two-dimensional echocardiography calculating the maximum distance between the anterior and posterior aortic root walls’ two leading edges at the end diastole. A parasternal long axis perspective was used to take images of the proximal aortic root. Results: The patients’ age was 51±6.7 years, duration of hypertension was 10.7±2.9 years and weight of 87.5±6.5 Kg. Out of these patients, 79.6% were male and 20.4% were female, and out of the total, 19.4% had aortic root dilatation. Frequency of aortic dilatation was significantly higher in people older than 50 years, or having hypertension for more than 10 years (p<0.005). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of aortic root dilatation in patients with essential hypertension.
Pak J Physiol 2025;21(1):45–7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v21i1.1775
Downloads
References
Mahadir Naidu B, Mohd Yusoff MF, Abdullah S, Musa KI, Yaacob NM, Mohamad MS, et al. Factors associated with the severity of hypertension among Malaysian adults. PloS One 2019;14(1):e0207472.
Lyu QS, Huang YQ. The relationship between serum total bilirubin and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with prehypertension. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2018;48(6):757–63.
Aldiab A, Shubair MM, Al-Zahrani JM, Aldossari KK, Al-Ghamdi S, Househ M, et al. Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension and its associated cardioembolic risk factors; a population based cross-sectional study in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia. BMC Public Health 2018;18(1):1327.
Ramezankhani A, Harati H, Bozorgmanesh M, Tohidi M, Khalili D, Azizi F, et al. Diabetes mellitus: findings from 20 years of the Tehran lipid and glucose study. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2018;16(4 Suppl):e84784.
Kumar KVSH, Patnaik S. Incidence of essential hypertension in young adult males followed for over two decades. Indian Heart J 2018;70 (Suppl 3):S1–3.
Yousefi M, Najafi Saleh H, Yaseri M, Jalilzadeh M, Mohammadi AA. Association of consumption of excess hard water, body mass index and waist circumference with risk of hypertension in individuals living in hard and soft water areas. Environ Geochem Health 2019;41:1213–21.
Clift PF, Cervi E. A review of thoracic aortic aneurysm disease. Echo Res Pract 2020;7(1):R1–10.
Niwa K. Aortic dilatation in complex congenital heart disease. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2018;8(6):725–38.
Milan A, Avenatti E, Tosello F, Iannaccone A, Leone D, Magnino C, et al. Aortic root dilatation in essential hypertension: prevalence according to new reference values. J Hypertens 2013;31:1189–95.
Carey RM, Whelton PK; 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guideline Writing Committee. Prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: Synopsis of the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Hypertension Guideline. Ann Intern Med 2018;168(5):351–8.
Acelajado MC, Oparil S. Hypertension in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med 2009;25(3):391–412.
Cuspidi C, Negri F, Salvetti M, Lonati L, Sala C, Capra A, et al. Aortic root dilatation in hypertensive patients: a multicenter survey in echocardiographic practice. Blood Press 2011;20(5):267–73.
Palmieri V, Bella JN, Arnett DK, Roman MJ, Oberman A, Kitzman DW, et al. Aortic root dilatation at sinuses of valsalva and aortic regurgitation in hypertensive and normotensive subjects: The Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network Study. Hypertension 2001;37(5):1229–35.
Singh VP, Wander GS, Mohan B, Aslam N, Tandon R, Chhabra ST, et al. Hypertension and Size of aortic root-cause-and-effect relationship. J Indian Coll Cardiol 2021;11(1):13–8.
Kim M, Roman MJ, Cavallini MC, Schwartz JE, Pickering TG, Devereux RB. Effect of hypertension on aortic root size and prevalence of aortic regurgitation. Hypertension 1996;28(1):47–52.
Pearce WH, Slaughter MS, LeMaire S, Salyapongse AN, Feinglass J, McCarthy WJ, et al. Aortic diameter as a function of age, gender, and body surface area. Surgery 1993;114(4):691–7.
Canciello G, Mancusi C, Izzo R, Morisco C, Strisciuglio T, Barbato E, et al. Determinants of aortic root dilatation over time in patients with essential hypertension: the Campania Salute Network. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021;28(13):1508–14.
Akintunde AA, Aremu AA, Adebayo PB, Oyedeji OT, Opadijo OG. Aortic root dilatation in African hypertensive subjects: Frequency of occurrence and associations: A multicentre echocardiographic survey. Prensa Med Argent 2013;99(10):2.
Vandroux D, Aboyans V, Houehanou YC, Saka D, Sonou A, Houinato D, et al. Normal values of proximal aorta diameters in healthy Sub Saharan Africans: The TAHES study. Echocardiography 2022;39(4):576–83.
Vriz O, Driussi C, Bettio M, Ferrara F, D’Andrea A, Bossone E. Aortic root dimensions and stiffness in healthy subjects. Am J Cardiol 2013;112(8):1224–9.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Yasir Saood, Aamir Nazir, Alruba Taimoor, Maria Shafiq, Muhammad Ijaz Khan, Muhammad Orakzai
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The author(s) retain the Copyrights and allow their publication in Pakistan Journal of Physiology, Pak J Physiol, PJP to be FREE for research and academic purposes. It can be downloaded and stored, printed, presented, projected, cited and quoted with full reference of, and acknowledgement to the author(s) and the PJP. The contents are published with an international CC-BY-ND-4.0 License.
