EXERCISE INDUCED RELEASE OF CREATINE KINASE IN NORMAL ADULTS
Keywords:
Creatine Kinase (CK), Body Mass Index (BMI), Exercise, TreadmillAbstract
Background: Creatine Kinase (CK) forms abundant ATP for muscular activity. High CK is an important indicator of muscle damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exercise induced changes in serum CK level in adults. Method: Two hundred healthy subjects in age range 18–24 years were selected. With their consent, demographic data was recorded and participants’ 3 ml blood was drawn before exercise. Each was then subjected to run 3 Km on a Treadmill. Three millilitre blood was drawn after 4 hours of exercise for post-exercise serum CK level. Serum CK levels were run on a spectrophotometer using the reagent of CK-Nac (Spinreact®, Spain). Data were analysed on SPSS-20. Results: In females aged <20 years having BMI of 20.357±3.550 Kg/m2 the mean pre- and post-exercise CK levels were 52.45±9.27 and 92.09±11.12 (U/L) respectively; and in females aged ≥20 years having BMI of 20.041±3.116 Kg/m2 it was 52.33±7.73 (U/L) and 96.0±11.51 respectively. In males aged <20 years having BMI of 20.413±3.690 Kg/m2, the mean pre- and post-exercising CK levels were 93.04±22.44 and 144.56±22.50 (U/L) respectively; and in males aged ≥20 years having BMI of 22.52±4.042 Kg/m2, it was 104.03±20.34 and 147.27±18.70 (U/L) respectively. Conclusion: There were significant differences between pre- and post-exercise CK in two genders. The most profound factor which implements this change is age, gender and body mass index among the two age groups of both genders.
Pak J Physiol 2016;12(1):38–41
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References
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31. Fredsted A, Clausen T, Overgaard K. Effects of step exercise on muscle damage and muscle Ca2+ content in men and women. J Strength Cond Res 2008;22(4):1136–46.
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34. Kim J, Lee J. The relationship of creatine kinase variability with body composition and muscle damage markers following eccentric muscle contractions. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2015;19(2):123–9.
35. Wolf MR, Fragala MS, Volek JS, Denegar CR, Anderson JM, Comstock BA, et al. Sex differences in creatine kinase after acute heavy resistance exercise on circulating granulocyte estradiol receptors. Eur J App Physiol 2012;112(9):3335–40.
36. Oudman I. Creatine kinase predicts obesity in the general population. (PhD Thesis). University of Amsterdam (UvA);2013. Ch. 4:52–63.
37. Neal RC, Ferdinand KC, Ycas J, Miller E. Relationship of ethnic origin, gender and age to blood creatine kinase levels. Am J Med 2009;122(1):73–8.
38. Sudhakar S, Naiya A. Biochemical markers an indirect method for evaluating delayed onset muscle soreness among recreational athletes. Int J Biol Med Res 2012;3(2):1624–6.
39. Totsuka M, Nakaji S, Suzuki K, Sugawara K, Sato K. Break point of serum creatine kinase release after endurance exercise. J App Physiol 2002;93:1280–6.
2. Schlattner U, Tokarska-Schlattner M, Wallimann T. Mitochondrial creatine kinase in human health and disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease 2006;1762(2):164–80.
3. Lehmann H. Uber die Umesterung des Adenylsauresystems mit Phoshagenen. Ibid 1936;286:336–3.
4. Wallimann T, Dolder M, Schlattner U, Eder M, Hornemann T, O’Gorman E, et al. Some new aspects of creatine kinase (CK): Compartmentation, structure, function and regulation for cellular and mitochondrial bioenergetics and physiology. Biofactors 1998;8(3):229–34.
5. Schlattner U, Forstner M, Eder M, Stachowiak O, Fritz-Wolf K, Wallimann T. Functional aspects of the X-ray structure of mitochondrial creatine kinase: a molecular physiology approach. In: Bioenergetics of the Cell: Quantitative Aspects. Springer US; 1998. p. 125–40.
6. Fritz-Wolf K, Schnyder T, Wallimann T, Kabsch W. Structure of mitochondrial creatine kinase. Nature 1996;381(6580):341–5.
7. Gerhardt W. Creatine kinase B-Subunit activity in serum after immunohinhibition of M-Subunit activity. Clin Chem 1979;25(7):1274–80.
8. Abbot B. Creatinine Kinase. In: Kaplan LA, Pesce AJ, Amadeo J, Lawrence A, Steven C, Kazmierczak (Eds): Clinical Chemistry: Theory, Analysis and Correlation. The CV Mosby Company. St. Louis, Toronto: Princeton;1984.p.1112–6.
9. Ellington WR. Evolution and physiological roles of phosphagen systems. Ann Rev Physiol 2001;63(1):289–325.
10. Sprigg CA, Stride CB, Wall TD, Holman DJ, Smith PR. Work characteristics, musculoskeletal disorders, and the mediating role of psychological strain: A study of call center employees. J App Psychol 2007;92(5):1456–66.
11. Barbe MF, Gallagher S, Massicotte VS, Michael T, Steven NP, Barr-Gillespie AE. The interaction of force and repetition on musculoskeletal and neural tissue responses and sensorimotor behavior in a rat model of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. BMC Musculoskeletal Disord 2013;14:303.
12. Epstein Y. Clinical significance of serum creatine phosphokinase activity levels following exercise. Israel J Med Sci 1995;31(11):698–9.
13. Nosaka K, Clarkson PM. Relationship between post-exercise plasma CK elevation and muscle mass involved in the exercise. Int J Sports Med 1992;13(6):471–5.
14. Sherman WM, Lash JM, Simonsen JC, Bloomfield SA. Effects of downhill running on the responses to an oral glucose challenge. Int J Sport Nutr 1992;2:251–9.
15. Lavery I, Ingram P. Venepuncture: Best Practice. Nurs Stand 2005;19(49):55–65.
16. Akhter P, Aslam M, Orfi SD. Evaluation of body mass index for a reference Pakistani man and woman. Health Phy 2001;80(3):274–7.
17. WHO. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 2004;363:157–63.
18. Singh, Soodan G, Kumar JS, Sandeep. The relationship between creatine kinase and cortisol level of young Indian male athletes. J Exercise Sci Physiotherapy 2014;10(2):111–3.
19. Morandi L, Angelini C, Prelle A, Pini A, Grassi B, Bernardi G, et al. High plasma creatine kinase: Review of the literature and proposal for a diagnostic algorithm. Neurol Sci 2006;27(5):303–11.
20. Tolfrey K, Jones AM, Campbell IG. The effect of aerobic exercise training on the lipid-lipoprotein profile of children and adolescents. Sports Med 2000;29:99–112.
21. Padalino B, Rubino G, Centoducati P, Petazzi F. Training versus overtraining: evaluation of two protocols. J Equine Vet Sci 2007;27:28–31.
22. Sundaram M, Mohanakrishnan J, Murugavel KG, Shankar EM, Solomon S, Srinivas CN, et al. Ethnic variation in certain hematological and biochemical reference intervals in a south Indian healthy adult population. Eur J Int Med 2008;19(1):46–50.
23. Alam JM, Farooqui SI, Hussain A, Mahmood SR. Correlation of creatine kinase and myoglobin concentrations in patients suffering from debilitated conditions related to myopathies. Pak J Rehab 2012;1(1):22–8.
24. Hunter A. Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase levels in healthy teen-aged boys. Arch Neurol 1975;32(8):576.
25. Poprzecki S, Staszkiewicz A and Hubner-Wozniak E. Effect of eccentric and concentric exercise on plasma CK and LDH activity in healthy adults. Biol Sports 2004;21(2):193–203.
26. Noakes TD. Effect of exercise on serum enzyme activities in humans. Sports Med 1987;4:245–67.
27. McPherson RA, Pincus MR. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadephephia: Saunders Elsevier, PA; 2007.
28. Brancaccio P, Maffulli N, Limongelli FM. Creatine kinase monitoring in sport medicine. Br Med Bull 2007;81–82:209–30.
29. Fu FH, You CY, Kong ZW. Acute changes in selected serum enzyme and metabolite concentrations in 12-year to 14 year old athletes after an all-out 100 m swimming sprint. Percept Motor Skills 2002;95:1171–8.
30. Machado M, Pereira R, Sampaio-Jorge F, Knifis F, Hackney A. Creatine supplementation: effects on blood creatine kinase activity responses to exercise and creatine kinase activity measurement. Brazilian J Pharmaceut Sci 2009;45(4):751–8.
31. Fredsted A, Clausen T, Overgaard K. Effects of step exercise on muscle damage and muscle Ca2+ content in men and women. J Strength Cond Res 2008;22(4):1136–46.
32. Jauhari M, Sulaeman A, Riyadi H, Ekayanti I. Effect of administering tempeh drink on muscle damage recoveries after resistance exercise in student athletes. Pak J Nutrition 2013;12(10):924–8.
33. Paschalis V, Nikolaidis MG, Giakas G, Theodorou AA, Sakellariou GK, Fatouros IG, et al. Beneficial changes in energy expenditure and lipid profile after eccentric exercise in overweight and lean women. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010;20:103–11.
34. Kim J, Lee J. The relationship of creatine kinase variability with body composition and muscle damage markers following eccentric muscle contractions. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2015;19(2):123–9.
35. Wolf MR, Fragala MS, Volek JS, Denegar CR, Anderson JM, Comstock BA, et al. Sex differences in creatine kinase after acute heavy resistance exercise on circulating granulocyte estradiol receptors. Eur J App Physiol 2012;112(9):3335–40.
36. Oudman I. Creatine kinase predicts obesity in the general population. (PhD Thesis). University of Amsterdam (UvA);2013. Ch. 4:52–63.
37. Neal RC, Ferdinand KC, Ycas J, Miller E. Relationship of ethnic origin, gender and age to blood creatine kinase levels. Am J Med 2009;122(1):73–8.
38. Sudhakar S, Naiya A. Biochemical markers an indirect method for evaluating delayed onset muscle soreness among recreational athletes. Int J Biol Med Res 2012;3(2):1624–6.
39. Totsuka M, Nakaji S, Suzuki K, Sugawara K, Sato K. Break point of serum creatine kinase release after endurance exercise. J App Physiol 2002;93:1280–6.
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Published
31-03-2016
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Lathiya N, Sheikh SA. EXERCISE INDUCED RELEASE OF CREATINE KINASE IN NORMAL ADULTS. Pak J Phsyiol [Internet]. 2016 Mar. 31 [cited 2024 Apr. 20];12(1):38-41. Available from: https://pjp.pps.org.pk/index.php/PJP/article/view/426
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