OBESITY INDICATORS AND CARDIOVASCULAR PARAMETERS IN OBESE AND NON-OBESE SUBJECTS
Keywords:
Obesity, Anthropometric, Pearson’s correlation, cardiovascular diseasesAbstract
Background: Sedentary life style and faulty dietary habits result in obesity. Although, extensive studies are available on the effects of obesity on anthropometric (ANPP) and cardiovascular parameters (CVP) their statistical correlations between obese and non-obese persons are very few. This study was aimed to find the correlation between different ANPP and CVP with BMI and their correlation in obese and non-obese individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional data obtained from 30 non-obese and 30 obese individuals (age 21–60 year) was used to determine the Pearson’s correlation of BMI with ANPP such as height, weight, Triceps Skin Girth (TSG), waist circumference (WC), and CVP such as pulse rate (PR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP). Results: Significantly greater mean values were found for weight, BMI, TSG and WC in obese group except for height, in order of Height>Weight>WC>TSG for correlation with BMI. Significantly higher mean values found for SBP, DBP, MAP and PP in obese except for PR being non-significantly different between two groups. The CVP fell in order of PR>MAP>DBP>SBP> PP for correlation with BMI. This correlation was positive for all the parameters except for height (both obese and non-obese), TSG and PP (only non-obese) being negatively correlated with BMI. Conclusion: On the basis of the order determined for ANPP and CVP, the short height and higher PR have better correlation in obese group representing the best indicators of obesity, involving greater risk for cardiovascular diseases.
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References
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2. World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. WHO Technical Report Series No. 894. Geneva. 2000.
3. Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Campbell SM, Johnson CL. Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults: The National Health And Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960–1991. JAMA 1994;272:205–11.
4. Flegal KM, Carrol MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2008. JAMA 2002;288:1723–7.
5. Nanan DJ. The Obesity Pandemic –Implications for Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 2002;52:342.
6. Katherine MF, Margaret DC, Cynthia LO, Lester RC. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2008. JAMA 2010;303(3):235–41.
7. Kasper DL, Braundwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, Vol. 1. 16th ed. United States of America: The McGraw Hill Companies, 2005;422–9.
8. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: The Evidence Report: National Institutes of Health. Obes Res 1998;6(Suppl 2):51S–209S.
9. Despres, Jp. Health consequences of visceral obesity. Ann Med 2001;33:534–41.
10. Martins D, Tareen N, Pan D, Norris K. The relationship between body mass index and pulse pressure in older adults with isolated systolic hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2002;15(6):538–43.
11. Abiodun AG, Egwii MO, Adedoyin RA. Anthropometric indices associated with variation in cardiovascular parameters among primary school pupils in ILE-IFE. Int J Hypertens 2011;2011:186194. doi: 10.4061/2011/186194.
12. Power C, Lake JK, Cole TJ. Body mass index and height from childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British Born Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66(5):1094–110.
13. Ofuya ZM, Goergewill AA, Agu GO. A study of cardiovascular parameters in obese and non obese subjects residents in Port Harcourt. African J Appl Zool Environ Biol 2005;7:11–3.
14. Shekharappa RK, Johncy S, Mallikarjuna PT, Vedavathi KJ, Jayarjan MP. Correlation between body mass index and cardiovascular parameters in obese and non-obese in different age groups. Int J Biol Med Res 2011;2(2):551–5.
15. Zhang C, Rexrode KM, van Dam RM, Li TY, Hu FB. Abdominal obesity and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: Sixteen years of follow-up in US women. Circulation 2008;117:1658–67.
16. Sichieri R, Dos Santos, Barbosa F, Mouva EC. Relationship between short stature and obesity in Brazil: A multilevel analysis. Br J Nutr 2010;103(10):1534–8.
17. Velásquez-Meléndez G, Martins IS, Cervato AM, Fornés NS, Marucci MF, Coelho LT. Relationship between stature, overweight and central obesity in the adult population In São Paulo, Brazil. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999;23(6):639–44.
18. Sahar A. Ibrahim, Maysa A. Samy, Azza O. L. Saleh, Gulsen S. Ahmed, May K. Matter. Obesity among Egyptian adults with short stature. J T U Med Sci 2010;5(2):98–104.
19. Body mass index and health. A publication of the USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion March 2000. Page 1‒2. http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/publications/nutritioninsights/insight16.pdf
20. Roche AF, Sievogel RM, Chumla WC, Webb P. Grading body fatness from limited anthropometric data. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34(12):2831–8.
21. Deurenberg P, Westrate JA, Seidell JC. Body mass index as a measure of body fatness: Age and sex specific prediction formulas. Br J Nutr 1991;65(2):105–14.
22. Sesso HD, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Hennenkens CH, Gaziano JM, Manson JE, et al. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure as predictors of cardiovascular disease risk in men. Hypertension 2000;36:801‒7.
23. Gavish B, Ben-Dar IZ, Bursztyn M. Linear relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure monitored over 24 H: Assessment and correlates. J Hypertens 2008;26(2):199‒209.
24. Mandel D, Zimlichman E, Mimouni FB, Grotto I, Kreiss Y. Height-related changes in body mass index: A reappraisal. J Am Coll Nutr 2004;23(1):51‒4.
25. Freedman DS, Khan LK, Serdula MK, Dietz WH, Srinivisan SR, Berenson GS. Inter-relationships among childhood BMI, childhood height, and adult obesity: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Int J Obes 2004;28:10–6.
26. Diverse Population Collaborative Group. Weight-height relationships and body mass index: Some observations from the diverse population collaboration. Am J Phys Anthropol 2005;128(1):220‒9.
27. Pratesi S, Peternostro F, Tani A, Sassoli C, Cappellini AC. Waist circumference correlates with body mass index (BMI) in school-aged children. Italian J Anat Embryol 2011;116(1 Supplement):150.
28. Nevill AM, Stewart AD, Olds T, Holder R. Relationship between adiposity and body size reveals limitations of BMI. Am J Phys Anthropol 2006;129(1):151‒6.
29. Yar T. Resting heart rate and its relationship with general and abdominal obesity in young male Saudi university students. Pak J Physiol 2012;6(1):6‒13.
30. Tesfaye F, Nawi NG, Van Minh H, Byass P, Berhane Y, Bonita R, et al. Association between body mass index and blood pressure across three populations in Africa and Asia. J Hum Hypert 2007;21:28–37.
31. Must A, Spadano J, Eugenie H, Coakley MA, Alison EF, Colditz G, et al. The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA 1999;282(16):1523‒9.
32. Kwagyan J, Tabe CE, Xu S, Maqbool AR, Gordeuk VR, Randall OS. The impact of body mass index on pulse pressure in obesity. J Hypertens 2005;23(3):619‒24.
33. Maffeis C, Pietrobelli A, Grezzani A, Provera S, Tato L. Waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal children. Obesity Research 2001;9:179–87.
34. Daniels SR, Khoury PR, Morrison JA. Utility of different measures of body fat distribution in children and adolescents. Am J Epidemiol 2000;152(12):1179–84.
35. Farida M, Ammarah, Sara, Momina, Sadaf M, Madiha A. Waist hip ratio and body mass index in women of different age groups. Pak J Physiol 2012;8(1):49–51.
36. Kannel WB, Tavia G, Schwartz MJ. Systolic versus diastolic blood pressure and risk of coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 1971;27(4):335–46.
37. Mitchell GF, Moyé LA, Braunwald E, Rouleau JL, Bernstein V, Geltman EM, et al. Sphygmomanometrically determined pulse pressure is a powerful independent predictor of recurrent events after myocardial infarction in patients with impaired left ventricular function. Circulation 1997;96:4254–60.
38. Vaccarino V, Holford TR, Krumholz HM. Pulse pressure and risk for myocardial infarction and heart failure in the elderly. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36(1):130–8.
39. Klassen PS, Lowrie EG, Reddan DN, Delong ER, Coladonato JA, Szczech LA, et al. Association between pulse pressure and mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. JAMA 2002;287(12):1548–55.
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Published
30-06-2013
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Azeem MA, Siddiqui R, nisa N un, Khan N, Jamal Siddiqui MY. OBESITY INDICATORS AND CARDIOVASCULAR PARAMETERS IN OBESE AND NON-OBESE SUBJECTS. Pak J Phsyiol [Internet]. 2013 Jun. 30 [cited 2024 Apr. 26];9(1):20-5. Available from: https://pjp.pps.org.pk/index.php/PJP/article/view/322
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