ASSOCIATION OF ANAEMIA WITH DIETARY PRACTICES IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS

Authors

  • Rabia mahmood federal medical and dental college Islamabad
  • Rukhsana Khan
  • Shemaila Saleem

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v14i3.166

Keywords:

Adolescents, Anaemia, Vitamin A, Zinc, Dietary Practices

Abstract

Background: Anaemia is one of the ten most serious public health problems world over. Adolescent girls are more at risk to be anaemic due to their rapid growth, hormonal changes, imbalance between food intake and requirement and onset of menarche. This may lead to impaired intellectual growth, development, immunity and reproductive abilities. This study was planned to assess the prevalence of anaemia and its association with dietary habits in adolescent girls of District Rawalpindi. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in six villages of two union councils of district Rawalpindi. A sample of 104 randomly selected unmarried adolescent girls (11–19 years) was included in the study. Portable haemoglobin meter (Hemocue) was used to estimate haemoglobin levels. Demographic data was obtained by a self-structured questionnaire. Dietary variables were collected by using food frequency questionnaire and 24 hour’s dietary recall method. Analysis was done using SPSS-21 and Nutrisurvey software. Results: The study revealed that 71.2% of adolescent girls were anaemic. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anaemia amongst the girls was found to be 53.8%, 15.4% and 1.9% respectively. The results revealed that girls who had anaemia were also found deficient in vitamin A and zinc. Conclusion: Anaemia in girls of rural area in district Rawalpindi was found to be substantially high in younger adolescents (9–14 years). Anaemia was significantly associated with vitamin A and zinc deficiency. Nutritional awareness and counselling for adolescent girls in community and educational institution is recommended.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Işık Balcı Y1, Karabulut A, Gürses D, Ethem Çövüt I. Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among adolescents in Denizli, Turkey. Iran J Pediatr 2012;22(1):77–81.
2. Akhtar S, Ismail T, Atukorala S, Arlappa N. Micronutrient deficiencies in South Asia ―Current status and strategies. Trend Food Sci Technol 2013;31(1):55–62.
3. Ferrari M, Mistura L, Patterson E, Sjöström M, Diaz L, Stehle P, et al. Evaluation of iron status in European adolescents through biochemical iron indicators: the HELENA Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011;65(3):340–9.
4. Shill KB, Karmakar P, Kibria MG, Das A, Rahman MA, Hossain MS, et al. Prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia among university students in Noakhali region, Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr 2014;32(1):103–10.
5. Khan MS, Sohail M, Ali A, Akhtar N, Khan H, Rasool F. Symptoms-Based Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Students of Bahawalpur Correlated with their Eating Habits. Trop J Pharm Res 2014;13(5):769–72.
6. Gayathri Devi S, Mageshwari K. Effect of anemia on the physical work capacity of school going adolescent girls in rural tamilnadu. J Modern Sci 2015;7(1):29–40.
7. Moschonis G, Papandreou D, Mavrogianni C, Giannopoulou A, Damianidi L, Malindretos P, et al. Association of iron depletion with menstruation and dietary intake indices in pubertal girls: the healthy growth study. BioMed Res Int 2013;2013:423263.
8. Chandra S, Kaushik N, Gupta N. Study of Iron Status Indicators in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle in Females of Lower Socio-Economic Group. Ann Int Med Dent Res 2017;3(1):1–5.
9. Akhter N, Sondhya FY. Nutritional status of adolescents in Bangladesh: Comparison of severe thinness status of a low–income family's adolescents between urban and rural Bangladesh. J Educ Health Promot 2013;2:27.
10. de Andrade Cairo RC, Rodrigues Silva L, Carneiro Bustani N, Ferreira Marques CD. Iron deficiency anemia in adolescents: a literature review. Nutr Hosp 2014;29(6):1240–9.
11. Mousa SMO, Saleh SM, Higazi AMM, Ali HAA. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls in rural upper Egypt. Int Blood Res Rev 2016;5:1–6.
12. Bhutta ZA, Soofi SB, Zaidi SSH, Habib A. Pakistan National Nutrition Survey, 2011. Available at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/ cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1262&context=pakistan_fhs_mc_women_childhealth_paediatr
13. World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Bull World Health Organ 2001;79(4):373–4.
14. Tesfaye M, Yemane T, Adisu W, Asres Y, Gedefaw L. Anemia and iron deficiency among school adolescents: burden, severity, and determinant factors in southwest Ethiopia. Adoles Health Med Ther 2015;6:189–96.
15. Kankanamge SU, Ariyarathna S, Perera PPR. Prevalence of anaemia among young adult females in two selected Grama Niladhari areas in the southern province of Sri Lanka. Sci J Public Health 2016;4(6):430–4.
16. Jyoti S, Deepa S. A Cross-sectional study on socio demogrphic correlates of nutritional anemia among rural adolescent girls of Bhilwara district, Rajasthan. Int J Res Soc Sci 2016;6(9):339–50.
17. Deshpande NS, Karva D, Agarkhedkar S, Deshpande S. Prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls and its co-relation with demographic factors. Int J Med Public Health. 2013;3(4):235–9.
18. Chatterjee A, Haldar D, Chatterjee D, Taraphdar P, Biswas A, Saha JB. Magnitude and correlates of anemia among adolescents in a border area of West Bengal. Indian J Med Sci 2016;68(1):21–5.
19. Mazhar S. Prevalence of anemia and dietary iron intake among female adolescents (grade 8‒12) in Lahore. J Dow Univ Health Sci 2015;9(3):99–105.
20. Fatima F, Hafeez A, Yaqoob A. Nutritional assessment of adolescent girls living in Cherah Union Council. J Pak Med Assoc 2014;64:1220–4.
21. Farrukh GM, Hasan Z, Ikram S, Tariq B. Iron deficiency anemia; dietary pattern of iron intake from indigenous iron rich food in female IDA patients and corresponding hematological profiles: A cross sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Professional Med J 2016;23(9):1092–8.
22. Garcı́a-Casal MN, Layrisse M, Solano L, Barón MA, Arguello F, Llovera D, et al. Vitamin A and β-carotene can improve nonheme iron absorption from rice, wheat and corn by humans. J Nutr 1998;128(3):646–50.
23. Kolsteren P, Rahman SR, Hilberbrand K, Dintz A. Treatment for iron deficiency anaemia with a combined supplementation of iron, vitamin A and zinc in women of Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53(2):102–6.
24. Chiplonkar SA, Kawade R. Effect of zinc-and micronutrient-rich food supplements on zinc and vitamin A status of adolescent girls. Nutrition 2012;28(5):551–8.
25. Wieringa FT, Dijkhuizen MA, Fiorentino M, Laillou A, Berger J. Determination of zinc status in humans: which indicator should we use? Nutrients 2015;7(5):3252–63.
26. Houghton LA, Parnell WR, Thomson CD, Green TJ, Gibson RS. Serum zinc is a major predictor of anemia and mediates the effect of selenium on hemoglobin in school-aged children in a nationally representative survey in New Zealand. J Nutr 2016;146:1670–6.
27. Lim K, Booth A, Szymlek-Gay EA, Gibson RS, Bailey KB, Irving D, et al. Associations between dietary iron and zinc intakes, and between biochemical iron and zinc status in women. Nutrients 2015;7(4):2983–99.
Pak J Physiol 2018;14(3)

Downloads

Published

20-08-2018

How to Cite

1.
mahmood R, Khan R, Saleem S. ASSOCIATION OF ANAEMIA WITH DIETARY PRACTICES IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS. Pak J Phsyiol [Internet]. 2018 Aug. 20 [cited 2024 Dec. 31];14(3):41-5. Available from: https://pjp.pps.org.pk/index.php/PJP/article/view/166

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 3 (2018): Pakistan Journal of Physiology

Section

Original Article

License

Pakistan Journal of Physiology, Pak J Physiol, PJP is FREE for research and academic purposes. It can be freely downloaded and stored, printed, presented, projected, cited and quoted with full reference of, and acknowledgement to the author(s) and the PJP. The contents are published with an international CC-BY-ND-4.0 License.