FREQUENCY OF TYPE-II RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Authors

  • Jalal Dildar Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar
  • Hamza Munir Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Muhammad College of Medicine, Peshawar
  • Aman Ullah Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Swat Medical College Swat
  • Asimullah Khan Trainee Medical Officer, Department of Medicine, Khalifa Gulnawaz Hospital, Bannu
  • Fauzia Aitazaz Department of Physiology, AJK Medical College, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
  • Mohsin Ali Muhammad College of Medicine, Peshawar, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v20i1.1627

Keywords:

COPD, Type-II respiratory failure, arterial blood gases, peshawar, pakistan

Abstract

Background: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients the alveoli do not ventilate fully due to bronchial obstruction. This leads to the incomplete ventilation, incomplete clearance of carbon dioxide causing hypercapnia. There are some muscular abnormalities also in COPD patients. All these pathogeneses lead to type 2 (hypercapnic) respiratory failure. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of type II respiratory failure in patients with COPD. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 21st Aug 2021 to 20th Feb 2022. A total of 129 patients with COPD were enrolled. COPD was diagnosed based on clinical findings and confirmation with spirometry showing FEV1/FVC less than 70% of predicted. Confirmation of type II respiratory failure was done by Arterial-blood gas (ABG) test on heparinized arterial blood sample analysis showing hypercapnia (Paco2 ?45 mmHg). Results: Type II respiratory failure was observed in 31 patients (24%); 19 (22.9%) patients with type respiratory failure had age more than 55 years. Eight (36.4%) patients with type II respiratory failure had GOLD stage 4 COPD. Age of the patients ranged from 40 to 65 years with mean age 53.410±9.362 years. Male to female ratio was 2.4:1. Conclusion: Type 2 respiratory failure is more prevalent in elder patients above 55 years of age, and is more common among males. The severity of COPD does not appear to have a direct relationship with the occurrence of type 2 respiratory failure.

Pak J Physiol 2024;20(1):33-6

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Han MK, Agusti A, Celli BR, Criner GJ, Halpin DMG, Roche N, et al. From GOLD 0 to Pre-COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021;203(4):414–23.

Batta A. Diagnosis of chronic obstructive airway disease —made easy. Cross Current Int J Med Biosci 2020;2(1):1–5.

Nici L, Mammen MJ, Charbek E, Alexander PE, Au DH, Boyd CM, et al. Pharmacologic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020;201(9):e56–69.

Gruffydd-Jones K, Keeley D, Knowles V, Recabarren X, Woodward A, Sullivan AL, et al. Primary care implications of the British Thoracic Society Guidelines for bronchiectasis in adults 2019. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2019;29(1):24.

Weiss A, Porter S, Rozenberg D, O’Connor E, Lee T, Balter M, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a palliative medicine review of the disease, its therapies, and drug interactions. J Pain Symptom Manag 2020;60(1):135–50.

Hardin M, Silverman EK. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease genetics: A review of the past and a look into the future. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis 2014 May 6;1(1):33–46.

GBD 2015 Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators. Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015. Lancet Respir Med 2017;5(9):691–706.

Foreman KJ, Marquez N, Dolgert A, Fukutaki K, Fullman N, McGaughey M, et al. Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016–40 for 195 countries and territories. Lancet 2018;392(10159):2052–90.

Adler D, Janssens JP. The pathophysiology of respiratory failure: control of breathing, respiratory load, and muscle capacity. Respiration 2019;97(2):93–104.

Wedzicha JA, Miravitlles M, Hurst JR, Calverley PM, Albert RK, Anzueto A, et al. Management of COPD exacerbations: a European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society Guideline. Eur Respir J 2017;49(3):1600791.

Dreher M, Neuzeret PC, Windisch W, Martens D, Hoheisel G, Gröschel A, et al. Prevalence of chronic hypercapnia in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: data from the HOmeVent registry. Int J Chronic Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019:2377–84.

Calverley PM. Respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J Suppl 2003;47:26s–30.

Alqahtani JS, Oyelade T, Aldhahir AM, Alghamdi SM, Almehmadi M, Alqahtani AS, et al. Prevalence, severity and mortality associated with COPD and smoking in patients with COVID-19: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020;15(5):e0233147.

Hurst JR, Siddharthan T. Global Burden of COPD. In: Kickbusch I, Ganten D, Moeti M. (Eds) Handbook of Global Health. Springer, Cham;2021.p. 439–58.

Grabicki M, Ku?nar-Kami?ska B, Rubinsztajn R, Brajer-Luftmann B, Kosacka M, Nowicka A, et al. COPD course and comorbidities: are there gender differences? Adv Exp Med Biol 2019;1113:43–51.

Alam SE. Prevalence and pattern of smoking in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 1998;48(3):64–6.

Hosseini M, Almasi-Hashiani A, Sepidarkish M, Maroufizadeh S. Global prevalence of Asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO) in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res 2019;20(1):229.

Tudorache E, Fildan AP, Frandes M, Dantes E, Tofolean DE. Aging and extrapulmonary effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Interv Aging 2017;12:1281–7.

Rehman A, Shafiq H, Jawed S, Behram F. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) screening is still a challenge in Pakistan: COPD in Pakistan. J Aziz Fatimah Med Dent Coll 2019;1(1):18–23.

Vitacca M, Paneroni M, Spanevello A, Maniscalco M, Diasparra A, Aliani M, et al. Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on COPD assessment test items in individuals classified as GOLD Group E. Respiration 2023;102(7):469–78.

Sangroula P, Ghimire S, Srivastava B, Adhikari D, Dhonju K, Shrestha A, et al. Correlation of body mass index and oxygen saturation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients at a tertiary care center in Nepal: A cross-sectional study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023;18:1413–8.

Svartengren M, Cai G-H, Malinovschi A, Theorell-Haglöw J, Janson C, Elmståhl S, et al. The impact of body mass index, central obesity and physical activity on lung function: results of the EpiHealth study. ERJ Open Res 2020;6(4):00214–2020.

Downloads

Published

31-03-2024

How to Cite

1.
Dildar J, Munir H, Ullah A, Khan A, Aitazaz F, Ali M. FREQUENCY OF TYPE-II RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. Pak J Phsyiol [Internet]. 2024 Mar. 31 [cited 2024 Nov. 23];20(1):33-6. Available from: https://pjp.pps.org.pk/index.php/PJP/article/view/1627

Issue

Vol. 20 No. 1 (2024): Pakistan Journal of Physiology

Section

Original Article

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Jalal Dildar, Hamza Munir, Aman Ullah, Asimullah Khan, Fauzia Aitazaz, Mohsin Ali

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Pakistan Journal of Physiology, Pak J Physiol, PJP is FREE for research and academic purposes. It can be freely downloaded and stored, printed, presented, projected, cited and quoted with full reference of, and acknowledgement to the author(s) and the PJP. The contents are published with an international CC-BY-ND-4.0 License.