POTENTIAL RESTORATION OF FATTY LIVER ENZYMES WITH STEVIA REBAUDIANA
Keywords:
Stevia, obesity, LFTs, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD, Liver damageAbstract
Background: Obesity is a prevalent issue affecting a growing number of individuals globally. It is a systemic disorder with complications and co-morbidities. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disastrous outcome of metabolic syndrome induced by obesity. Objective of this study was to find the effect of Stevia leaves in restoration of liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, and Bilirubin) in obese Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: This animal experimental study was carried out in the Physiology Department, in collaboration with the Pathology Department of Islamabad Medical and Dental College, and National Institute of Health, Islamabad on 90 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats over a period of 14 weeks. The animals were divided randomly into three groups of 30 rats each. Group 1 was given normal diet while Groups 2 and Group 3 were given high fat diet. Stevia leaves were further added for six weeks in the diet of Group 3. Results: High fat diet induced NAFLD in rats was ameliorated significantly on treatment with stevia. On comparison of liver function tests in obese control with stevia treated group, the values of ALT and AST were significantly decreased (p<0.05). However, ALP and bilirubin were not decreased significantly. Conclusion: Stevia rebaudiana exerts hepatoprotective effect in restoring liver damage due to high fat diet induced NAFLD in Sprague Dawley rats.
Pak J Physiol 2024;20(1):22-5
Downloads
References
Cavaliere G, Trinchese G, Bergamo P, De Filippo C, Mattace Raso G, Gifuni G, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate diet induced obesity and insulin resistance, modulating mitochondrial respiratory uncoupling in rat skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2016;11(2):e0149033.
Cook O, Hildebrand M. Enhancing LC-PUFA production in Thalassiosira pseudonana by overexpressing the endogenous fatty acid elongase genes. J Appl Phycol 2016;28(2):897-905.
Dourlen P, Sujkowski A, Wessells R, Mollereau B. Fatty acid transport proteins in disease: New insights from invertebrate models. Prog Lipid Res 2015;60:30-40.
Machado MV, Diehl AM. Hedgehog signalling in liver pathophysiology. J Hepatol 2018;68(3):550-62.
Iatridis N, Kougioumtzi A, Vlataki K, Papadaki S, Magklara A. Anti-cancer properties of Stevia rebaudiana; more than a sweetener. Molecules 2022;27(4):1362.
Papaefthimiou M, Kontou PI, Bagos PG, Braliou GG. Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni exerts attenuating effect on diseased experimental rats: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 2023;15(15):3325.
Schiatti-Sisó IP, Quintana SE, García-Zapateiro LA. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) as a common sugar substitute and its application in food matrices: an updated review. J Food Sci Technol 2023;60(5):1483-92.
Marcinek K, Krejpcio Z. Stevia rebaudiana bertoni—chemical composition and functional properties. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment 2015;14(2):145-52.
Singh D, Kumari M, Prakash HG, Rao GP, Solomon S. Phytochemical and pharmacological importance of stevia: A calorie-free natural sweetener. Sugar Tech 2019;21(2):227-34.
Ismail T, Ponya Z, Mushtaq A, Masood A. Stevia a bio sweetener scope in the European Union as a commercial product. Am Eurasian J Sustain Agric 2020;14(2):23-6.
Carrera-Lanestosa A, Moguel-Ordónez Y, Segura-Campos M. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni: a natural alternative for treating diseases associated with metabolic syndrome. J Med Food 2017;20(10):933-43.
Ranjbar T, Masoumi SJ. The effect of Stevia rebaudiana on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A review. Int J Nutr Sci 2018;3(1):2-6.
Smith MM, Clarke EC, Little CB. Considerations for the design and execution of protocols for animal research and treatment to improve reproducibility and standardization: “DEPART well-prepared and ARRIVE safely”. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017;25(3):354-63.
Redfern WS, Tse K, Grant C, Keerie A, Simpson DJ, Pedersen JC, et al. Automated recording of home cage activity and temperature of individual rats housed in social groups: The Rodent Big Brother project. PloS One 2017;12(9):e0181068.
Faith RE, Allen KP, Hessler JR. Housing and Environment. In: Suckow MA, Hankenson FC, Wilson RP, Foley PL, (Eds). The Laboratory Rat (3rd ed). Academic Press; 2020.p. 349-417.
Abdulqader MN, Jasim SA, Yahya MM, Thanoon IA. Artificial sweeteners connoted vitiation of rat metabolic biomarkers. Rev Electron Vet 2022;23(3):296-303.
Giesecke S, Guiffrè G, Hörlesberger M, Lai T, Mattioli B, Quaranta MG, et al. Drivers and trends of future developments of non-communicable diseases. Foresight and Modelling for European Health Policy and Regulation Project Report; 2016. Available from: https://www.foresight-fresher.eu/content/uploads/ 2018/03/d3-1-horizon-scanning-report-corrected.pdf.
Nakatsuka T, Tateishi R, Koike K. Changing clinical management of NAFLD in Asia. Liver Int 2022;42(9):1955-68.
Famuyide IM, Aro AO, Fasina FO, Eloff JN, McGaw LJ. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of acetone leaf extracts of nine under-investigated South African Eugenia and Syzygium (Myrtaceae) species and their selectivity indices. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019;19(1):141.
Ruiz-Ruiz JC, Moguel-Ordoñez YB, Segura-Campos MR. Biological activity of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and their relationship to health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017;57:2680-90.
Sheng X, Che H, Ji Q, Yang F, Lv J, Wang Y, et al. The relationship between liver enzymes and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Horm Metab Res 2018;50(5):397-402.
Huang F, Wang J, Yu F, Tang Y, Ding G, Yang Z, et al. Protective effect of Meretrix meretrix oligopeptides on high-fat-diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Mar Drugs 2018;16(2):39.
Hernández-Aquino E, Muriel P. Beneficial effects of naringenin in liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 2018;24(16):1679-707.
Latha S, Chaudhary S, Ray RS. Hydroalcoholic extract of Stevia rebaudiana bert. leaves and stevioside ameliorates lipopolysaccharide induced acute liver injury in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017;95:1040-50.
Emam R, Hussein A, Elmileegy A, El-Menabawy F, Gad GEM. Effect of Stevia rebaudiana and exercise on fatty liver in type 2 diabetic rats. Bull Egypt Soc Physiol Sci 2021;41(4):428-40.
AbdElwahab AH, Yousuf AF, Ramadan BK, Elimam H. Comparative effects of Stevia rebaudiana and aspartame on hepato-renal function of diabetic rats: biochemical and histological approaches. J App Pharm Sci 2017;7(8):34-42.
Ranjbar T, Nekooeian AA, Tanideh N, Koohi?Hosseinabadi O, Masoumi SJ, Amanat S, et al. A comparison of the effects of Stevia extract and metformin on metabolic syndrome indices in rats fed with a high?fat, high?sucrose diet. J Food Biochem 2020;44(8):e13242.
Martono Y, Rohman A, Riyanto S, Martono S, (Eds). Analysis Study of Stevioside and Rebaudioside A from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni by Normal Phase SPE and RP-HPLC. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng 2018;349:012071.
Elnaga NA, Massoud MI, Yousef M, Mohamed HH. Effect of stevia sweetener consumption as non-caloric sweetening on body weight gain and biochemical’s parameters in overweight female rats. Ann Agric Sci 2016;61(1):155-63.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pakistan Journal of Physiology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Pakistan Journal of Physiology, Pak J Physiol, PJP is FREE for research and academic purposes. It can be freely downloaded and stored, printed, presented, cited and quoted with full reference of, and acknowledgement to the PJP.
