EFFECT OF WHITE SUGAR, BROWN SUGAR AND JAGGERY POWDER SYRUP ON BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL MARKERS OF SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v20i1.1527Keywords:
Sugar, Srprague_Dawley rats, histopathological markers, Biochemical markersAbstract
Hypertension accounts for 10% of the total annual health budget in developed countries.1 By 2025, the number of people living with hypertension is expected to reach 1.56 billion people.2Dietary factors that increase blood pressure (BP) are of interest to public health authorities.3,4Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were taken. All groups received standard chow ad libitum. Controls (A), received plain drinking water, and the Sucrose treatment rats received 10% sucrose solution prepared daily for 12 weeks. Non-invasive blood pressure was recorded using computer based data recording system power lab model: M-ML 856, Australia with rat tail cuff attachment.Blood samples were collected. Serum aliquots were frozen at ?80°C for: ALT, AST, TG, total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were determined using commercial enzymatic methods (CELM diagnosis, São Paulo, Brazil). The concentration of VLDL and low-density lipoprotein was measured.
ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey tests were applied to determine statistical difference among the study groups.
The results showed variable effects on biochemical and histopathological findings in rat liver, kidney and pancreas. The pancreas and kidneys of the rats showed adverse inflammatory histopathological changes maximally in rats taking jaggery syrup (Shakkar) flowed by white sugar and minimal in Shakkar. The adverse effects on liver cells were maximally seen on rats given brown sugar.
This study enabled us to better understand the biochemical and histopathological effects of various types of sugars available in Pakistani market in order to create awareness regarding their effects on health.
Downloads
References
Lawes CM, Vander Hoorn S, Law MR, Elliott P, MacMahon S, Rodgers A. Blood pressure and the global burden of disease 2000. Part II: estimates of attributable burden. J Hypertens 2006;24:423–30.
Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of world wide data. Lancet 2005;365:217–23.
Johnson RJ, Segal MS, Sautin Y, Nakagawa T, Feig DI, Kang DH, et al. Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:899–906.
Johnson RJ, Perez-Pozo SE, Sautin YY, Manitius J, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Feig DI, et al. Hypothesis: could excessive fructose intake and uric acid cause type 2 diabetes? Endocr Rev 2009;30:96–116.
Aidoo RP, Depypere F, Afoakwa EO, Dewettinck K. Industrial manufacture of sugar-free chocolates–applicability of alternative sweeteners and carbohydrate polymers as raw materials in product development. Trends food Sci Technol 2013;32(2):84–96.
Castellanos Jankiewicz AK, Rodríguez Peredo SM, Cardoso Saldaña G, Díaz Díaz E, Tejero Barrera ME, del Bosque Plata L Adipose tissue redistribution caused by an early consumption of a high sucrose diet in a rat model. Nutr Hosp 2015;31(6):2546–53.
Grasser EK, Dulloo A, Montani JP. Cardiovascular responses to the ingestion of sugary drinks using a randomised cross-over study design: does glucose attenuate the blood pressure-elevating effect of fructose? Br J Nutr 2014;112(2):183–92.
DiNicolantonio JJ, Lucan SC. The wrong white crystals: not salt but sugar as aetiological in hypertension and cardiometabolic disease. Open Heart. 2014;1(1):e000167.
Roncal-Jimenez CA, Lanaspa MA, Rivard CJ, Nakagawa T, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Jalal D, et al. Sucrose induces fatty liver and pancreatic inflammation in male breeder rats independent of excess energy intake.. Metabolism 2011;60(9):1259–70.
Souza Cruz EM, Bitencourt de Morais JM, Dalto da Rosa CV, da Silva Simões M, Comar JF, de Almeida Chuffa LG, et al.. Long-term sucrose solution consumption causes metabolic alterations and affects hepatic oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Biol Open 2020;9(3):bio047282.
Amin KA, Kamel HH, Abd Eltawab MA. Protective effect of Garcinia against renal oxidative stress and biomarkers induced by high fat and sucrose diet. Lipids Health Dis 2011;10:6.
Karaye RM., Dikko AAU, Yarube IU, Muhammad M, Tijjani U, Sadau Y, et al. Effect of sugarcane juice on lipid profile, liver enzymes and sex hormones in male wistar rats. Bayero J Med Lab Sci 2017;2(2):74–9.
Touffour DK. The effect of honey, white and brown table sugar on lipid profile and glucose levels in rats. (Thesis) University of Ghana. 2020. Published online at https://ug.edu.gh
Corona-Pérez A, Díaz-Muñoz M, Cuevas-Romero E, Luna-Moreno D, Valente-Godínez H, Vázquez-Martínez O, et al. Interactive effects of chronic stress and a high-sucrose diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver in young adult male rats. Stress 2017;20(6):608–17.
Nayak BS, Marshall JR, Isitor G, Adogwa A. Hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective activity of fermented fruit juice of morinda citrifolia (Noni) in diabetic rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011;2011:875293.
Kleiner DE, Brunt EM, Van Natta M, Behling C, Contos MJ, Cummings OW, et al. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2005;41(6):1313–21.
Kaswala DH, Lai M, Afdhal NH. Fibrosis Assessment in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in 2016. Dig Dis Sci 2016;61(5):1356–64.
Mašek T, Filipovi? N, Vuica A, Star?evi? K. Effects of treatment with sucrose in drinking water on liver histology, lipogenesis and lipogenic gene expression in rats fed high-fiber diet. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017;116:1–8.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Pakistan Journal of Physiology, Pak J Physiol, PJP is FREE for research and academic purposes. It can be freely downloaded and stored, printed, presented, projected, cited and quoted with full reference of, and acknowledgement to the author(s) and the PJP. The contents are published with an international CC-BY-ND-4.0 License.
