SERUM C REACTIVE PROTEIN AS AN INFLAMMATORY MARKER IN GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69656/pjp.v19i3.1452Keywords:
gestational diabetes mellitus, inflammation, C reactive proteinAbstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic disorder of pregnancy. A number of factors are implicated in its causation. Inflammation may play a role in development of diabetes. This study aimed to look for an association between serum C reactive protein and gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at Physiology Department, Army Medical College in collaboration with Pak Emirates Military Hospital from July 2019 to March 2020. Thirty healthy pregnant females and 30 gestational diabetes mellitus patients with 24–32 weeks of gestation were selected. The diagnosis of gestational diabetes was made on the basis of abnormal glucose tolerance test according to International Association for Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria. Blood samples were evaluated for serum CRP. Data were analyzed on SPSS-22. Data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Comparison of data was performed using independent samples t-test. Pearson correlation coefficient was determined to find association between numerical variables. Results were considered significant at p?0.05. Results: Mean Serum C reactive protein level was significantly higher in gestational diabetes group compared with healthy control group and had significant positive correlation with plasma glucose levels as well as glycosylated haemoglobin. Conclusion: High CRP levels in GDM had positive correlation with blood sugar levels. Early diagnosis of inflammation with raised CRP level may be helpful in identifying the subjects at risk.
Pak J Physiol 2023;19(3):3–6
Downloads
References
Nguyen CL, Pham NM, Binns CW, Duong DV, Lee AH. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in eastern and southeastern Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Res 2018;2018:6536974.
Behboudi-Gandevani S, Amiri M, Bidhendi Yarandi R, Ramezani Tehrani F. The impact of diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes on its prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019;11:11.
Gul S, Rafiq K, Nesar S, Bokhari SWA, Mughal MA, Naveel HT, et al. Management of Gestational Diabetes mellitus with Risk Factors and Trans-Generational Prevention. RADS J Biol Res Appl Sci 2021;12(2):146–53.
Simmons D, Sacks DA, McCance DR, Maresh M. Epidemiologic context of diabetes in pregnancy. In: A practical manual of diabetes in pregnancy. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.1–16.
Johns EC, Denison FC, Norman JE, Reynolds RM. Gestational diabetes mellitus: mechanisms, treatment, and complications. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018;29(11):743–54.
Omazi? J, Viljeti? B, Ivi? V, Kadivnik M, Zibar L, Müller A, et al. Early markers of gestational diabetes mellitus: what we know and which way forward? Biochem Med 2021;31(3):030502.
Sharma AK, Singh S, Singh H, Mahajan D, Kolli P, Mandadapu G, et al. Deep insight of the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. Cells 2022;11(17):2672.
Kopylov AT, Papysheva O, Gribova I, Kotaysch G, Kharitonova L, Mayatskaya T, et al. Molecular pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy with antenatal complications. Sci Rep 2020;10(1):19641.
Tsalamandris S, Antonopoulos AS, Oikonomou E, Papamikroulis GA, Vogiatzi G, Papaioannou S, et al. The role of inflammation in diabetes: current concepts and future perspectives. Eur Cardiol 2019;14(1):50–9.
Chavan AR, Griffith OW, Wagner GP. The inflammation paradox in the evolution of mammalian pregnancy: turning a foe into a friend. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2017;47:24–32.
Ramanjaneya M, Butler AE, Alkasem M, Bashir M, Jerobin J, Godwin A, et al. Association of complement-related proteins in subjects with and without second trimester gestational diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:641361.
Vecchié A, Bonaventura A, Carbone F, Maggi D, Ferraiolo A, Carloni B, et al. C-reactive protein levels at the midpregnancy can predict gestational complications. Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:1073151.
Oguntibeju OO. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and inflammation: examining the links. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2019;11(3):45–63.
Kianpour M, Saadatmand F, Nematbakhsh M, Fahami F. Relationship between c-reactive protein and screening test results of gestational diabetes in pregnant women referred to health centers in Isfahan in 2013–2014. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2019;24(5):360–4.
Farghaly TA, Helmy NA, Abbas AM, Ahmed AGM. C-reactive protein as a screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus in first-trimester of pregnancy: a prospective cohort study. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2018;7(12):4798–803.
Qadir SY, Yasmin T, Fatima I. Maternal and foetal outcome in gestational diabetes. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2012;24(3-4):17–20.
Saeedi M, Cao Y, Fadl H, Gustafson H, Simmons D. Increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus when implementing the IADPSG criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021;172:108642.
Alamolhoda SH, Yazdkhasti M, Namdari M, Zakariayi SJ, Mirabi P. Association between C-reactive protein and gestational diabetes: a prospective study. J Obstet Gynaecol 2020;40(3):349–53.
Mostafa MK, Ouf TF, Abd AL-Aziz AF, Hegazy HA. The relation between serum C-reactive protein level and gestational diabetes. Egypt J Hosp Med 2019;75(2):2149–53.
Xiang LL, Chen C, Wang QY, Zhu YT, Chen YJ, Zeng Y. Impact of inflammatory factors, hemoglobin A1c, and platelet parameters in gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023;307(2):439–46.
Siddiqui S, Waghdhare S, Panda M, Dubey S, Jha S. Association of IL-6 and CRP levels with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 2018;67(Suppl 1):2417–PUB.
Hezareh F, Moghaddam-Banaem L, Shahali S. The relationship between maternal serum Interleukin-6 and CRP levels at first trimester of pregnancy and gestational diabetes occurrence. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2021;24(5):59–68.
Avan A, Tavakoly Sany SB, Ghayour?Mobarhan M, Rahimi HR, Tajfard M, Ferns G. Serum C?reactive protein in the prediction of cardiovascular diseases: Overview of the latest clinical studies and public health practice. J Cell Physiol 2018;233(11):8508–25.
Kanmani S, Kwon M, Shin MK, Kim MK. Association of C-reactive protein with risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, and role of obesity and hypertension: a large population-based Korean cohort study. Sci Rep 2019;9(1):4573.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Pakistan Journal of Physiology, Pak J Physiol, PJP is FREE for research and academic purposes. It can be freely downloaded and stored, printed, presented, projected, cited and quoted with full reference of, and acknowledgement to the author(s) and the PJP. The contents are published with an international CC-BY-ND-4.0 License.
