CONSEQUENCES OF BRISK WALK, MODERATE INTENSITY CONTINUOUS AND HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON SHORT-TERM HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS
Abstract
Background: Short term heart rate variability is a time saving non-invasive measure of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. This study was conducted to assess and compare the effect of walking, medium intensity continuous and high-intensity interval training exercise modalities on short-term heart rate variability. Methods: This experimental study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi, from August 2018 to August 2019. A total of 31 non-obese, healthy young individuals, free of comorbidities were included in the study. Participants were assigned through randomization to walk for 30 minutes intervention (n=10), medium intensity continuous training (MICT) intervention (n=11) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention (n=10). Intervention groups completed a total of 24 sessions in 7 weeks. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was performed by a 15-minute ECG recording before and after 24 sessions of intervention. ECGs were recorded by using the PowerLab® model 4/25T and the data were analysed using the software LabChart® Pro-8.0 with HRV 2.0 module installed. Results: After 24 sessions of 30-minute brisk walking exercise of 3,000 steps in an open area revealed a significant improvement in some HRV components when compared with pre-intervention levels of mean R-R interval (p=0.02), LFms2 (p=0.02) and LF/HF ratio (p=0.03). No significant differences were recorded after MICT and HIIT interventions among the groups. Conclusion: Compared to MICT and HIIT, a brisk walk in an open area was found to be effective mode of physical activity for improvement of HRV.
Pak J Physiol 2023;19(1):21–5
References
Zubair F, Nawaz SK, Nawaz A, Nangyal H, Amjad N, Khan MS. Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Punjab, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study. J Public Health 2018;26523–9.
Committee PAGA. Physical activity guidelines advisory committee scientific report. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services. 2018:F6-1–F6-24.
Ranasinghe CD, Ranasinghe P, Jayawardena R, Misra A. Physical activity patterns among South-Asian adults: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013;10:116.
Lee IM, Buchner DM. The importance of walking to public health. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008;40(7 Suppl):S512–8.
Tschentscher M, Niederseer D, Niebauer J. Health benefits of Nordic walking: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2013;44(1):76–84.
MacInnis MJ, Gibala MJ. Physiological adaptations to interval training and the role of exercise intensity. J Physiol 2017;595(9):2915–30.
Karlsen T, Aamot IL, Haykowsky M, Rognmo Ø. High intensity interval training for maximizing health outcomes. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2017;60(1):67–77.
Lahiri MK, Kannankeril PJ, Goldberger JJ. Assessment of autonomic function in cardiovascular disease: physiological basis and prognostic implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51(18):1725–33.
Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ, Freeman R, Horowitz M, Kempler P, et al. Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 2010;33(10):2285–93.
Fang SC, Wu YL, Tsai PS. Heart rate variability and risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Biol Res Nurs 2020;22(1):45–56.
Routledge FS, Campbell TS, McFetridge-Durdle JA, Bacon SL. Improvements in heart rate variability with exercise therapy. Can J Cardiol 2010;26(6):303–12.
Soares-Miranda L, Sattelmair J, Chaves P, Duncan GE, Siscovick DS, Stein PK, et al. Physical activity and heart rate variability in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation 2014;129(21):2100–10.
Alkahtani S, Flatt AA, Kanas J, Aldyel A, Habib SS. Role of type and volume of recreational physical activity on heart rate variability in men. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(8):2719.
Bonato M, Meloni A, Merati G, La Torre A, Agnello L, Vernillo G. Effect of repeated-sprints on the reliability of short-term parasympathetic reactivation. PloS One 2018;13(2):e0192231.
Alansare A, Alford K, Lee S, Church T, Jung HC. The effects of high-intensity interval training vs moderate-intensity continuous training on heart rate variability in physically inactive adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018;15(7):1508.
Marshall SJ, Levy SS, Tudor-Locke CE, Kolkhorst FW, Wooten KM, Ji M, et al. Translating physical activity recommendations into a pedometer-based step goal: 3000 steps in 30 minutes. Am J Prev Med 2009;36(5):410–5.
Kendrick AH. Maximal heart rate (HRmax) prediction equations: Simple solution to estimating exercise intensity! Eur Respir J 2017;50(Suppl 61):PA3000.
Song C, Ikei H, Igarashi M, Takagaki M, Miyazaki Y. Physiological and psychological effects of a walk in urban parks in fall. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015;12(11):14216–28.
Pope ZC, Gabriel KP, Whitaker KM, Chen LY, Schreiner PJ, Jacobs DR Jr, et al. Association between objective activity intensity and heart rate variability: Cardiovascular disease risk factor mediation (CARDIA). Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020;52(6):1314–21.
Boutcher SH, Stein P. Association between heart rate variability and training response in sedentary middle-aged men. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1995;70(1):75–80.
Leicht AS, Allen GD, Hoey AJ. Influence of age and moderate-intensity exercise training on heart rate variability in young and mature adults. Can J Appl Physiol 2003;28(3):446–61.
Aubert AE, Seps B, Beckers F. Heart rate variability in athletes. Sports Med 2003;33(12):889–919.
May R, McBerty V, Zaky A, Gianotti M. Vigorous physical activity predicts higher heart rate variability among younger adults. J Physiol Anthropol 2017;36(1):24.
Fronchetti L, Nakamura FY, de Oliveira FR, Lima-Silva AE, de Lima JR. Effects of high-intensity interval training on heart rate variability during exercise. J Exerc Physiol Online 2007;10(4):1–9.
Ramírez-Vélez R, Tordecilla-Sanders A, Téllez-T LA, Camelo-Prieto D, Hernández-Quiñonez PA, Correa-Bautista JE, et al. Effect of moderate-versus high-intensity interval exercise training on heart rate variability parameters in inactive Latin-American adults: A randomized clinical trial. J Strength Cond Res 2020;34(12):3403–15.
Thayer JF, Hansen AL, Saus-Rose E, Johnsen BH. Heart rate variability, prefrontal neural function, and cognitive performance: the neurovisceral integration perspective on self-regulation, adaptation, and health. Ann Behav Med 2009;37(2):141–53.
Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation 1996;93(5):1043–65.
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2023 Pakistan Journal of Physiology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Pakistan Journal of Physiology, Pak J Physiol, PJP is FREE for research and academic purposes. It can be freely downloaded and stored, printed, presented, cited and quoted with full reference of, and acknowledgement to the PJP.
