Clinical spectrum and etiology of chronic kidney disease in children ?an experience at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is devastating and major health issue with long term consequences. This study was done to enlighten the clinical spectrum and aetiology of CKD in children attending Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad form April 2019 to September 2020. Children of either sex, 6 months to 15 years old, diagnosed as CKD were included. Children with syndromic features, or acute kidney injury were excluded. A specifically designed questionnaire/proforma was used to record information like socio-demographic details, medical history including polyuria, polydipsia, pallor, stunted growth, bedwetting and family history of participants. Blood pressure and weight of all participants was also recorded. Data was analysed using SPSS-20. Results: Out of 43 patients, 23 (53.5%) were males and 20 (46.5%) were females. Mean age was 8.71±3.96 years. Mean creatinine was 6.06±4.59 mg/dl. Small size kidneys were in 46.5% patients and reflux nephropathy in 14% patients. Polyuria was present in 23 (53.5%) patients. There was significant relationship between polyuria and polydipsia (p<0.001). Pallor was in 58.1% and stunted growth in 53.5% patients. Bed wetting was present in 30.2% patients and there was significant relationship between bed wetting and gender (p=0.007). Bed wetting also had significant relationship with polyuria and stunted growth (p<0.001 and 0.043 respectively). Conclusion: Small size kidneys and reflux nephropathy are major aetiology, while polyuria, progressive pallor and stunted growth are the major clinical presentation of CKD in children.

Pak J Physiol 2020:16(4):29–32