FREQUENCY OF VITAMIN D INSUFFICIENCY IN GENERAL ADULT POPULATION IN PESHAWAR
Keywords:
Hypovitaminosis D, adult population, PeshawarAbstract
Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is now recognized as pandemic. The purpose of this study was to measure the frequency of vitamin D insufficiency among adult population in Peshawar, Pakistan. Methods: The study was conducted over a period of ten months in Peshawar Institute of Medical Sciences, Hayatabad, Peshawar, from Apr 2013 to Jan 2014. A total of 300 patients from both genders were included in study. Number of male and female cases was same and age group of both sexes was comparable. Age range was 15–70 years. Serum vitamin D and calcium levels were estimated using standard laboratory techniques. Results: Overall the number of vitamin D deficient cases was 65%. Among female patients, the vitamin D deficient cases were 76%. Low serum calcium was observed in 23% cases. Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D was maximum in Pardah observing ladies, those belonging to low socioeconomic groups, and in postmenopausal ladies.
Pak J Physiol 2016;12(1):13–4
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References
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13. Chen TC, Chimeh F, Lu Z, Mathieu J, Person KS, Zhang A, et al. Factors that influence the cutaneous synthesis and dietary sources of vitamin D. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007;460:213–7.
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17. Zhou C, Assem M, Tay JC, Watkins PB, Blumberg B, Schuetz EG, et al. Steroid and xenobiotic receptor and vitamin D receptor crosstalk mediates CYP24 expression and drug induced osteomalacia. J Clin Invest 2006;116:1703–12.
18. Glerup H, Mikkelsen, Poulsen L, Hass E, Overbeck S, Thomsen J. Commonly recommended daily intake of vitamin D is not sufficient if sunlight exposure is limited. J Intern Med 2000;247:260–8.
19. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Dietrich T, Dawson-Hughes B. Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:18–28.
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24. Tangpricha V, Pearce EN, Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D insufficiency among the free-living healthy young adults. Am J Med 2002;112:659–62.
25. Holick MF. Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets. J Clin Invest 2006;116(8):2062–72.
2. Pilz S. Tomaschitz, Ritz E, Pieber TR. Vitamin D status and arterial hypertension: a systemic review. Nat Rev Cardiol 2009;6:621–30.
3. Wang TJ, Pencina MJ, Booth SL, Jacques PF, Ingelsson E, Lanier K, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2008;117:503–11.
4. de Boer IH, Kestenbaum B, Shoben AB, Michos ED, Sarnak MJ, Siscovick DS. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels inversely associate with risk for developing coronary artery calcification. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009;20:1805–12.
5. Wei Xiang, Juan Kong, Songcang Chen, Li-Ping Cao, Guilin Qiao, Wei Zheng, et al. Cardiac hypertrophy in vitamin D receptor knockout mice: role of the systemic and cardiac renin-angiotensin systems. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005;288(1):E125–E132.
6. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007;357(3):266–81.
7. Pittas AG, Harris SS, Stark PC, Dawson-Hughes B. the effects of calcium and Vitamin D supplementation on blood glucose and markers of inflammation in non-diabetic adults. Diabetic Care 2007;30(4):980–6.
8. Maghbooli Z, Hossein-Nezhad A, Karimi F, Shafaei AR, Larijani B. Correlation between vitamin D3 deficiency and insulin resistance in pregnancy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008;24(1):27–32.
9. Gordon CM, DePeter KC, Estherann G, Emans SJ. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004;158:531–7.
10. Sullivan SS, Rosen CJ, Halteman WA, Chen TC, Holick MF. Adolescent girls in Maine at risk for vitamin D insufficiency. J Am Diet Assoc 2005;105:971–4.
11. Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Reddy DR, Aggarwal R, Singh R, Sawhney RC, et al. Vitamin D and bone mineral density status of healthy schoolchildren in northern India. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:477–82.
12. Sato Y, Iwamoto J, Kanoko T, Satoh K. Amelioration of osteoporosis and hypovitaminosis D by sunlight exposure in hospitalized, elderly women with Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 2005;20:1327–33.
13. Chen TC, Chimeh F, Lu Z, Mathieu J, Person KS, Zhang A, et al. Factors that influence the cutaneous synthesis and dietary sources of vitamin D. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007;460:213–7.
14. Brot C, Vestergaard P, Kolthoff N, Gram J , Hermann AP, Sorensen OH. Vitamin D status and its adequacy in healthy Danish perimenopausal women: relationships to dietary intake, sun exposure and serum parathyroid hormone. Br J Nutr 2001;86:S97–103.
15. Thacher TD, Fischer PR, Strand MA, Pettifor JM. Nutritional rickets around the world: causes and future directions. Ann Trop Paediatr 2006;26:1–16.
16. Wortsman J, Matsuoka LY, Chen TC, Lu Z, Holick MF. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:690–3.
17. Zhou C, Assem M, Tay JC, Watkins PB, Blumberg B, Schuetz EG, et al. Steroid and xenobiotic receptor and vitamin D receptor crosstalk mediates CYP24 expression and drug induced osteomalacia. J Clin Invest 2006;116:1703–12.
18. Glerup H, Mikkelsen, Poulsen L, Hass E, Overbeck S, Thomsen J. Commonly recommended daily intake of vitamin D is not sufficient if sunlight exposure is limited. J Intern Med 2000;247:260–8.
19. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Dietrich T, Dawson-Hughes B. Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:18–28.
20. Holick MF, Garabedian M. Vitamin D: photobiology, metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. In: Favus MJ, (Ed). Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. 6th ed. Washington, DC: American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 2006:129–37.
21. Bouillon R. Vitamin D: from photosynthesis, metabolism, and action to clinical applications, In: DeGroot LJ, Jameson JL, (Eds). Endocrinology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders 2001:1009–28.
22. DeLuca HF. Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1689S–96S.
23. Lips P, Hosking D, Lippuner K, Norquist JM, Wehren L, Maalouf G. The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy amongst women with osteoporosis: an international epidemiological investigation. J Intern Med 2006;260:245–54.
24. Tangpricha V, Pearce EN, Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D insufficiency among the free-living healthy young adults. Am J Med 2002;112:659–62.
25. Holick MF. Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets. J Clin Invest 2006;116(8):2062–72.
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Published
31-03-2016
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Alam J e, Jan A, Khan B. FREQUENCY OF VITAMIN D INSUFFICIENCY IN GENERAL ADULT POPULATION IN PESHAWAR. Pak J Phsyiol [Internet]. 2016 Mar. 31 [cited 2024 Apr. 20];12(1):13-4. Available from: https://pjp.pps.org.pk/index.php/PJP/article/view/413
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